13G filing (passive >5% ownership)

A 13G filing is a public document an investor must submit to the SEC when they own more than 5% of a company's stock and plan to hold it passively (meaning they're not trying to control the company). You'll see these filings when large funds or wealthy investors cross that 5% threshold—it's basically them announcing "Hey, we own a big chunk of this company." The SEC requires this transparency so other investors know who the major shareholders are. For example, if a mutual fund quietly accumulated 6% of TechCorp's shares, they'd file a 13G to disclose their stake. It's different from a 13D filing, which signals an activist investor planning to influence company decisions.